Editor:
Nicolas Bourtin
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP

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It's a rare day when US newspaper headlines do not announce criminal or regulatory investigations or prosecutions of major financial institutions and other corporations. Foreign corruption. Financial fraud. Tax evasion. Price fixing. Environmental crimes. Export controls and other trade sanctions.

US and non-US corporations alike, for the past several years, have faced increasing scrutiny from US authorities, and their conduct, when deemed to run afoul of the law, has been punished severely by record-breaking fines and the prosecution of corporate employees. Already complex interlocking legal and regulatory regimes have become even more labyrinthine with the passage of new laws in the wake of the recent economic crisis, and the compliance burdens imposed on corporations have grown ever more onerous.

This trend has by no means been limited to the US; while the US government is at the forefront of the movement to globalise the prosecution of corporations, the scenes in Europe and Asia are similar, as non-US authorities appear determined to adopt the US model. Parallel corporate investigations in multiple countries increasingly compound the problems for companies, as conflicting statutes, regulations, and rules of procedure and evidence make the path to compliance a treacherous one. What is more, government authorities forge their own prosecutorial alliances and share evidence, further complicating a company's defence. This trend shows no sign of abating.

As a result, corporate counsel around the world are increasingly called upon to advise their clients on the implications of criminal and regulatory investigations outside their own jurisdictions. This can be a daunting task, as the practice of criminal law - particularly corporate criminal law - is notorious for following unwritten rules and practices that cannot be gleaned from a simple review of a country's criminal code. And while nothing can substitute for the considered advice of an expert local practitioner, a comprehensive review of the corporate investigation practices around the world is undoubtedly long overdue and will find a wide and grateful readership.

The authors of this volume are acknowledged experts in the field of corporate investigations and leaders of the bars of their respective countries. We have attempted to distil their wisdom, experience and insight around the most common questions and concerns that corporate counsel face in guiding their clients through criminal or regulatory investigations. Under what circumstances can the corporate entity itself be charged with a crime? What are the possible penalties? Under what circumstances should a corporation voluntarily self-report potential misconduct on the part of its employees? Is a trial a realistic option? And how does a corporation manage the delicate interactions with the employees whose conduct is at issue? The International Investigations

Review answers these questions and many more and will serve as an indispensable guide when your client faces criminal or regulatory scrutiny in a country other than your own. And while it will not qualify you to practise criminal law in a foreign country, it will highlight the major issues and critical characteristics of a given country's legal system and will serve as an invaluable aid in engaging, advising and directing local counsel in that jurisdiction. We are proud that in its first edition, this volume provides impressive coverage for 15 countries.